Philoxenia: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani
Philoxenia: Jurna Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani is published by the Kalvari Theological Seminary of North Maluku. We process and publish manuscripts related to Theology and Christian Education. The e-ISSN of Philoxenia is 2985-5888. Furthermore, the DOI prefix for the Philoxenia journal is 10.59376. Therefore, lecturers, researchers, and students who have manuscripts aligned with our focus and scope are welcome to submit by clicking here... The Philoxenia Journal is indexed in: Google Scholar Crossref Garuda Philoxenia has been accredited as a national scientific journal Indonesia ranked 3th (SINTA 3) by Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains dan Teknologi, Direktorak Jenderal Riset dan Pengembangan Philoxenia Journal has been indexed in:
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Kalvary - Maluku Utara
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Karya Roh Kudus dalam Peristiwa Pentakosta dan Implikasinya terhadap Pertumbuhan Gereja Mula-Mula dan Karismatik Kontemporer
This study examines the relationship between the Pentecost Event and the dynamics of church growth in both the early church and the contemporary Charismatic movement. Pentecost is a significant event in Christian history because it marks the birth of the early church and the beginning of church growth through the work of the Holy Spirit. The contemporary Charismatic movement continues to emphasize the role of the Holy Spirit through spiritual gifts, baptism of the Holy Spirit, and spiritual renewal. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data were collected from the Book of Acts, theological books, church history sources, and relevant scholarly journals. The findings show that the Holy Spirit played a central role in church growth through evangelism, fellowship, and the transformation of believers’ lives. The study concludes that the Pentecost Event remains theologically and practically relevant to the growth and development of the modern church. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara Peristiwa Pentakosta dan dinamika pertumbuhan gereja dalam konteks gereja mula-mula serta gerakan Karismatik kontemporer. Peristiwa Pentakosta merupakan peristiwa penting dalam sejarah kekristenan karena menandai lahirnya gereja mula-mula dan awal pertumbuhan gereja melalui karya Roh Kudus. Gerakan Karismatik kontemporer terus menekankan peran Roh Kudus melalui karunia rohani, baptisan Roh Kudus, dan pembaruan spiritual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Data diperoleh melalui analisis Kitab Kisah Para Rasul, buku teologi, sejarah gereja, dan jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Roh Kudus berperan sentral dalam pertumbuhan gereja melalui penginjilan, persekutuan, dan transformasi kehidupan jemaat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Peristiwa Pentakosta tetap memiliki relevansi teologis dan praktis bagi pertumbuhan serta perkembangan gereja modern.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noh Asbanu, Lie Ja Hwe, Yulianto Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Logos dan Logika dalam Mempencerahkan Kecerdasan Emosional
This study aims to analyse the theological role of Logos and the epistemological function of logic as a conceptual foundation for the formation of biblical and transformative emotional intelligence. Departing from previous research gaps that have not integrated Logos as the basis of rationality of faith with logic as a pedagogical instrument in the formation of spiritual affection, this study proposes a transformative circuit model between divine truth and critical reasoning processes. Logos is understood as the source of ontological norms and the substance of truth that enlightens the heart and renews the mind, while logic functions to organise, test, and correct cognitive distortions that trigger unhealthy emotions. Through the mechanisms of internalising the truth of the Word, logical evaluation, and the formation of spiritual habits, emotional intelligence is understood not as an autonomous psychological competence, but as the fruit of Christocentric and theonomic sanctification. This integration produces a reflective, stable character oriented towards the glory of God in personal life and in the community of faith. Abstrak <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran teologis Logos dan fungsi epistemologis logika sebagai fondasi konseptual bagi pembentukan kecerdasan emosional yang alkitabiah dan transformatif.<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Berangkat dari kesenjangan penelitian sebelumnya yang belum mengintegrasikan Logos sebagai dasar rasionalitas iman dengan logika sebagai instrumen pedagogis dalam pembentukan afeksi spiritua, studi ini mengusulkan model sirkuit transformatif antara kebenaran ilahi dan proses penalaran kritis. Logos dipahami sebagai sumber norma ontologis dan materi kebenaran yang menerangi hati serta memperbarui akal budi, sedangkan logika berfungsi menata, menguji, dan mengoreksi distorsi kognitif yang memicu emosi tidak sehat. Melalui mekanisme internalisasi kebenaran Firman, evaluasi logis, dan pembentukan kebiasaan rohani, kecerdasan emosional dipahami bukan sebagai kompetensi psikologis otonom, melainkan sebagai buah pengudusan yang kristosentris dan teonom. <span lang="DA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Integrasi ini menghasilkan karakter reflektif, stabil, dan berorientasi pada kemuliaan Allah dalam kehidupan personal maupun komunitas iman.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yohanes Hadi Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teologi Misi, Pendidikan Perdamaian dan Keadilan Umat Beragama di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Alkitab dan Pengamalan Kristiani
The life of Christians who are Indonesians in the reality of religious people is unique. For Christians, there is a social understanding of the importance of peace in public life contained in the Bible is no longer limited to religious books but also social life books that validate religious people to influence social structures. Understanding is born from social relations that are realized and then constructed because reading the Bible is the Word of God that is accepted, recognized and used in a religious society as something sacred and authoritative. The content is a life lesson that initiates various forms of social affirmative action. The theoretical concept that underlies this paper we build on Christian theaching. This is a descriptive qualitative research with a literature study by a critical reading of many cited literatures and digital ethnography. The goal is to build an academic framework that is useful as analitical instrument to conduct field research that can be used and continued to be developed by other academics. It was found that even the essence of peace, justice is difficult to realize, but the Bible can be a common value for humans. The novelty offered in this paper is that the theology, mission, and education of Shalom Christianity in a plural and multicultural religious community is based on the use of religious books as teachings for each individual and society, not only understood as a discourse on conflict justification, but also lived every day. Abstrak Hidup orang Kristen yang adalah orang Indonesia dalam kenyataan umat beragama ialah unik. Bagi Kristen ada keinsyafan sosial betapa pentingnya perdamaian dalam kehidupan publik yang termuat pada Alkitab bukan lagi sebatas kitab keagamaan namun juga kitab kehidupan sosial yang memvalidasi umat beragama untuk mempengaruhi struktur sosial. Keinsyafaran lahir dari relasi sosial yang tersadari lalu terbangun karena membaca Alkitab adalah Firman Allah yang diterima, diakui dan digunakan dalam suatu masyarakat beragama sebagai sesuatu yang suci sekaligus berwibawa. Isinya adalah ajaran kehidupan yang menginisiasi berbagai corak tindakan afirmatif sosial. Konsep teoritis yang melandasi tulisan ini kami bangun berdasarkan ajaran Kristen. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kepustakaan namun disertai pembacaan kritis terhadap banyak literatur yang dicitasi dan etnografi digital. Tujuannya ialah membangun kerangka kerja akademis yang berguna sebagai instrumen analisis ketika melakukan penelitian lapangan yang dapat dipakai dan terus dikembangkan oleh akademisi lainnya. Ditemukan bahwa esensi perdamaian, keadilan sekalipun sulit mewujudkannya, namun Alkitab dapat menjadi common values bagi manusia. Kebaruan ditawarkan dalam tulisan ini adalah teologi misi dan pendidikan Shalom Kristen dalam umat beragama yang plural dan multikultural didaraskan dari penggunaan kitab keagamaan sebagai ajaran bagi tiap-tiap individu maupun sosial tidak dipahami sebatas wacana justifikasi konflik tetapi juga terhidupi setiap hari.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hesra Oktavianus Sembiring, Elia Tambunan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Manajemen Konflik dalam Kepemimpinan Gereja
This study is motivated by the increasing phenomenon of social conflict occurring both within society and church life, which is often influenced by differences in interests, misunderstandings, weak communication, and a lack of ability to manage interpersonal relationships. Conflicts that are not handled wisely can lead to division, damage congregational harmony, and weaken the church’s witness in society. In such situations, church leadership is required to possess conflict management skills grounded in biblical values in order to foster reconciliation and maintain unity. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the phenomenon of social conflict occurring in society and the church, as well as to examine the role of church leadership in managing and resolving such conflicts. This research employs a literature study method by reviewing various sources, including books, scientific journals, and theological references related to conflict management and church leadership. The findings indicate that conflicts often arise due to differences in interests, ineffective communication, and a lack of mutual understanding among individuals. Therefore, church leaders play an important role in applying conflict management theories and biblical principles to create reconciliation, build healthy communication, and maintain congregational unity and social harmony. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya fenomena konflik sosial yang terjadi baik di tengah masyarakat maupun dalam kehidupan gereja, yang sering kali dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan kepentingan, kesalahpahaman, lemahnya komunikasi, serta rendahnya kemampuan dalam mengelola relasi antarindividu. Konflik yang tidak ditangani secara bijaksana dapat menimbulkan perpecahan, merusak keharmonisan jemaat, dan melemahkan kesaksian gereja di tengah masyarakat. Dalam situasi tersebut, kepemimpinan gereja dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan manajemen konflik yang berlandaskan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah agar mampu menghadirkan rekonsiliasi dan menjaga persatuan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena konflik sosial yang terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan gereja serta mengkaji peran kepemimpinan gereja dalam mengelola dan menyelesaikan konflik tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menelaah berbagai sumber pustaka seperti buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan referensi teologi yang berkaitan dengan manajemen konflik dan kepemimpinan gereja. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa konflik sering muncul akibat perbedaan kepentingan, komunikasi yang tidak efektif, dan kurangnya pemahaman antarindividu. Oleh sebab itu, pemimpin gereja memiliki peran penting dalam menerapkan teori manajemen konflik dan prinsip-prinsip Alkitab untuk menciptakan rekonsiliasi, membangun komunikasi yang sehat, serta menjaga kesatuan jemaat dan keharmonisan dalam masyarakat.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risky, Herman Sjahthi, Benediktus James Widya Darmaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The advancement of the digital era has brought significant changes to the identity, interaction, and spirituality of Generation Z. As digital natives, they face external influences that risk shaping mindsets inconsistent with Christian values. This study examines Romans 12:2 as a theological foundation for mind transformation (metamorphousthe) to formulate relevant ministry strategies. The objective of the research is to analyze the concept of mind transformation in Romans 12:2 and examine its implications for contextual ministry strategies for Generation Z at GBI Bengkulu. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative through literature studies and exegetical-theological analysis of the Biblical text. Data were collected from theological literature, academic journals, and contextual observations of youth ministry practices in the local church.The results indicate that mind transformation in Romans 12:2 emphasizes continuous internal change centered on the will of God. In the context of Generation Z, effective ministry must move beyond programmatic approaches toward transformative ones that address digital, psychological, and spiritual aspects. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of theological study with a practical model encompassing three main pillars: spiritual transformation, digital engagement, and relational discipleship. This model provides a practical contribution for local churches in fostering a resilient and impactful faith for Generation Z in the digital. Abstrak Perkembangan era digital membawa perubahan signifikan terhadap identitas, interaksi, dan spiritualitas Generasi Z. Sebagai digital natives, mereka menghadapi pengaruh eksternal yang berisiko membentuk pola pikir yang tidak selaras dengan nilai Kristiani. Penelitian ini mengkaji Roma 12:2 sebagai landasan teologis mengenai transformasi pikiran (metamorphousthe) untuk merumuskan strategi pelayanan yang relevan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis konsep transformasi pikiran dalam Roma 12:2 serta mengkaji implikasinya terhadap strategi pelayanan kontekstual bagi Generasi Z di GBI Bengkulu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi literatur dan analisis eksegetis-teologis terhadap teks Alkitab. Data dikumpulkan melalui literatur teologi, jurnal akademik, serta observasi kontekstual terhadap praktik pelayanan pemuda di gereja lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi pikiran dalam Roma 12:2 menuntut perubahan internal berkelanjutan yang berpusat pada kehendak Allah. Dalam konteks Generasi Z, pelayanan yang efektif harus melampaui pendekatan programatik menuju pendekatan transformatif yang menyentuh aspek digital, psikologis, dan spiritual. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi kajian teologis dengan model praktis yang mencakup tiga pilar utama: transformasi spiritual, keterlibatan digital, dan pembinaan relasional. Model ini memberikan kontribusi praktis bagi gereja lokal dalam membentuk iman Generasi Z yang relevan dan berdampak di era digital.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carles Parluhutan Manullang, Rovina Damenta Br Sinulingga, Gressia Carolina Yosef Antonius https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kritik Teologis terhadap Murphy’s Law, Relevansi dan Batasannya dalam Doktrin Kedaulatan Allah
Murphy’s Law, often stated as “anything that can go wrong will go wrong,” is widely used to explain failure and uncertainty, including among Christians. This raises a key question: is it compatible with the doctrine of divine sovereignty? This study examines Murphy’s Law using a qualitative approach that integrates systematic theology, biblical analysis, and philosophical reflection, with focus on Job, Ecclesiastes, Romans 8:28, and Genesis 50:20. The study finds that Murphy’s Law reflects aspects of a fallen world, where failure and disorder occur. However, its value is only descriptive and limited. It is not theologically adequate and cannot function as a normative framework. If accepted uncritically, it may lead to fatalism and distort the understanding of suffering. In contrast, the doctrine of divine sovereignty affirms that God works in all events with purpose. Therefore, Murphy’s Law should be treated as an observation, not a theological principle. This study proposes a framework that places human experience within the doctrine of providence while critically engaging cultural assumptions. Abstrak Murphy’s Law, yang sering dirumuskan sebagai “segala sesuatu yang bisa salah akan salah,” banyak digunakan untuk menjelaskan kegagalan dan ketidakpastian, termasuk di kalangan Kristen. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan teologis tentang kesesuaiannya dengan doktrin kedaulatan Allah. Penelitian ini mengkaji legitimasi dan batas penerapan Murphy’s Law dalam teologi Kristen. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, melalui analisis teologi sistematis, studi Alkitab, dan refleksi filosofis. Teks yang dikaji meliputi Ayub, Pengkhotbah, Roma 8:28, dan Kejadian 50:20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Murphy’s Law mencerminkan sebagian realitas dunia yang telah jatuh, sehingga memiliki nilai deskriptif terbatas. Namun, secara teologis, prinsip ini tidak memadai dan tidak dapat menjadi kerangka normatif. Jika diterima tanpa kritik, ia dapat mendorong fatalisme dan merusak pemahaman tentang penderitaan dan pemeliharaan Allah. Sebaliknya, doktrin kedaulatan Allah menegaskan bahwa Tuhan bekerja dalam semua peristiwa dengan tujuan. Karena itu, Murphy’s Law harus dipahami sebagai pengamatan terbatas, bukan prinsip teologis. Penelitian ini menawarkan kerangka yang menempatkan pengalaman manusia dalam doktrin providensi, sambil mengkritisi pemahaman budaya populer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Djoko Santoso, Ilona Olvy Karamoy, Thirsa Octavianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rekonstruksi Pendidikan Agama Kristen Berbasis Pemuridan Eklesial
The fragmentation of Christian Religious Education (PAK), which tends to be solely cognitively oriented, has created a gap between faith knowledge and the practical life of the congregation. This situation is exacerbated by changes in the social context, digitalization, and weakening communal relations, necessitating the reconstruction of a more holistic and integrative model of faith formation. This study aims to formulate a model of Christian Religious Education based on ecclesial discipleship rooted in the pedagogical structure of the Great Commission (Matthew 28:18–20). The method used is qualitative, with a constructive theological literature study approach through hermeneutic analysis and conceptual synthesis of biblical texts and theological literature. The results show that the Great Commission has a holistic pedagogical structure that integrates discipleship, baptism, and teaching as a continuous process of faith formation within the church community. The resulting ecclesial discipleship model is able to transform PAK from an instructional approach to a participatory, relational, and missionary faith formation process. The novelty of this research lies in the integrative synthesis of the pedagogical dimensions of the Great Commission, faith formation theory, and the concept of communities of practice within a single holistic and transformative conceptual model of PAK. Abstrak Fragmentasi Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) yang cenderung berorientasi pada aspek kognitif semata menyebabkan terjadinya kesenjangan antara pengetahuan iman dan praksis kehidupan jemaat. Kondisi ini diperparah oleh perubahan konteks sosial, digitalisasi, dan melemahnya relasi komunal, sehingga menuntut rekonstruksi model pembinaan iman yang lebih holistik dan integratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan model Pendidikan Agama Kristen berbasis pemuridan eklesial yang berakar pada struktur pedagogis Amanat Agung (Matius 28:18–20). Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka teologis konstruktif melalui analisis hermeneutik dan sintesis konseptual terhadap teks biblika dan literatur teologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Amanat Agung memiliki struktur pedagogis yang holistik yang mengintegrasikan pemuridan, baptisan, dan pengajaran sebagai proses formasi iman yang berkelanjutan dalam komunitas gereja. Model pemuridan eklesial yang dihasilkan mampu mentransformasi PAK dari pendekatan instruksional menjadi proses formasi iman yang partisipatif, relasional, dan misioner. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada sintesis integratif antara dimensi pedagogis Amanat Agung, teori formasi iman, dan konsep komunitas praktik dalam satu model konseptual PAK yang holistik dan transformatif.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bandar Panggabean, Edwin Goklas Silalahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kajian Kepemimpinan Demokratik Alkitabiah Dalam Relevansinya dengan Kepemimpinan Modern
Leadership, both in practice and in academic study, remains a fascinating subject worthy of ongoing examination. This paper is a study based on the work previously conducted by L. Jibon Kumar Sharma and S. Keshojit Singh in India, specifically in the state of Manipur, concerning democratic leadership styles and how such styles influence leadership practices. This research aims to identify, from a biblical perspective, the democratic leadership style as a model suitable for application in corporate leadership, both within the church and in modern Christian and secular organisations, by Christian leaders. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, it can be concluded that this study demonstrates that the effectiveness of the democratic leadership style is greatly influenced by the leader’s ability to accommodate participation, openness, and shared decision-making within the context of modern leadership. The dynamics of democracy in practice reveal both challenges and opportunities in integrating democratic leadership values with the principles of biblical democratic leadership. Ultimately, the concept of modern theocratic democracy offers a relevant approach by combining spiritual values and democratic principles as the foundation for effective and integrity-driven leadership practice.<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Abstrak Kepemimpinan, dalam ranah praktika maupun studi selalu menarik untuk dipelajari dan terus dikaji. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian yang diangkat dari apa yang pernah dilakukan oleh L. Jibon Kumar Sharma dan S. Keshojit Singh di India khususnya di Negara Bagian Manipur berkenaan dengan kepemimpinan dengan gaya demokratik dan bagaimana gaya demokratik memberikan pengaruh pada praktek-praktek kepemimpinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi secara Alkitabiah gaya kepemimpinan demokratik sebagai model yang layak diterapkan dalam kepemimpinan korporasi, baik di gereja maupun organisasi Kristen dan sekuler modern oleh para pemimpin Kristen. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengen pendekatan studi pustaka maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas gaya kepemimpinan demokratik sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan pemimpin dalam mengakomodasi partisipasi, keterbukaan, dan pengambilan keputusan bersama dalam konteks kepemimpinan modern. Dinamika demokrasi dalam praksisnya memperlihatkan adanya tantangan sekaligus peluang dalam mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai kepemimpinan demokratik dengan prinsip-prinsip kepemimpinan demokratik Alkitabiah. Pada akhirnya, konsep demokrasi teokratik modern menawarkan suatu pendekatan yang relevan dengan menggabungkan nilai spiritual dan prinsip demokratis sebagai dasar dalam praktik kepemimpinan yang efektif dan berintegritas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel Devianus Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Paradoks Kemuliaan dan Salib dalam Markus 10:45 terhadap Dinamika Kehidupan Spiritual Jemaat
This paper aims to examine the theology of the cross in Mark 10:45 in relation to the dynamics of the spiritual life of the congregation in order to provide a paradoxical perspective on glory and the cross. The theology of the cross is a theological perspective on the cross that elaborates on how God reveals himself through the suffering of the cross. The theology of the cross offers a critique of the paradigm of glory that has emerged in contemporary spirituality within the church. On the one hand, Mark 10:45 is a key text that elaborates on the identity of the Messiah in the context of sacrifice and the cross. This context is the path that Jesus took even though it contradicted the worldly understanding of glory and hope. Through qualitative literature research, the author will examine the theology of the cross in Mark 10:45 to elaborate a paradoxical understanding of glory and the cross that impacts the spiritual life of the congregation. The theology of the cross in Mark 10:45 provides a significant paradigm for shaping the life of the congregation to take part in the suffering of Christ. This paper offers an integrative reading of Mark 10:45 within the framework of the theology of the cross, which places the cross at the center of the formation of the congregation's spirituality. Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelaah theologia crucis Markus 10:45 terhadap dinamika kehidupan spiritual jemaat untuk memberikan perspektif paradoksial kemuliaan dan salib. Theologia crucis merupakan perspektif teologis salib yang mengelaborasi cara Allah memperkenalkan diri melalui penderitaan salib. Theologia crucis memberikan kritik bagi paradigma kemuliaan yang muncul dalam dunia spiritualitas kontemporer di dalam gereja. Spiritualitas gereja masa kini memasuki era kontemporer yang menjauh dari esensi salib. Spiritualitas era kontemporer masa kini membawa orang percaya hanya menghayati kemuliaan diri tanpa memandang salib. Di satu sisi, Markus 10:45 merupakan teks kunci yang mengelaborasikan identitas Mesias dalam kerangka pengorbanan dan salib. Kerangka tersebut merupakan jalan yang Yesus tempuh meskipun berkontradiksi dengan pemahaman kemuliaan dan harapan duniawi. Melalui penelitian kualitatif studi pustaka, penulis akan menelaah theologia crucis Markus 10:45 untuk mengelaborasikan sebuah pemahaman paradoksial kemuliaan dan salib yang berdampak bagi kehidupan spiritual jemaat. Theologia crucis Markus 10:45 memberikan paradigma yang signifikan untuk membentuk kehidupan jemaat agar mengambil bagian dalam penderitaan Kristus. Tulisan ini menawarkan pembacaan integratif Markus 10:45 dalam kerangka theologia crucis yang menempatkan salib sebagai pusat pembentukan spiritualitas jemaat.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rinto Njurumbatu, Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho, Loudy Benedictus Pranatha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Eklesiologi Digital dan Banalitas Spiritualitas dalam Kepemimpinan Kristen Pastoral
This study aims to analyse the dynamics of digital ecclesiology and the banality of spirituality in Christian pastoral leadership in an era of disruption, highlighting the impact of technological transformation on the depth of faith and contemporary church practices. The method employed is descriptive qualitative research through a literature review, examining various theological texts, academic journals, and relevant sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings indicate that the development of the digital space has driven the expansion of church ministry, yet simultaneously given rise to a tendency towards instant, consumerist, and superficial spirituality. Pastoral leadership faces a serious challenge in maintaining a balance between digital relevance and theological depth amidst the dominance of algorithmic logic. These findings underscore the need for a critical and integrative reconstruction of digital ecclesiology through a leadership approach rooted in the values of authentic spirituality. In this way, the church can preserve its theological identity whilst responding to change in an adaptive and transformative manner. Abstrak <span lang="DA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika eklesiologi digital dan banalitas spiritualitas dalam kepemimpinan Kristen pastoral di era disrupsi, dengan menyoroti dampak transformasi teknologi terhadap kedalaman iman dan praktik gerejawi kontemporer. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi pustaka, dengan mengkaji berbagai literatur teologis, jurnal ilmiah, dan sumber relevan untuk memperoleh pemahaman komprehensif mengenai fenomena tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan ruang digital mendorong perluasan pelayanan gereja, namun sekaligus memunculkan kecenderungan spiritualitas yang instan, konsumtif, dan dangkal. Kepemimpinan pastoral menghadapi tantangan serius dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara relevansi digital dan kedalaman teologis di tengah dominasi logika algoritma. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya rekonstruksi eklesiologi digital yang kritis dan integratif melalui pendekatan kepemimpinan yang berakar pada nilai spiritualitas autentik. Dengan demikian, gereja dapat mempertahankan identitas teologisnya sekaligus merespons perubahan secara adaptif dan transformatif.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elisa Nimbo Sumual, Yohana Fajar Rahayu, Yonatan Alex Arifianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penghukuman dan Inklusi dalam Markus 11:15–19
Understanding the theological message of the Bible requires careful attention to narrative context and to the distinctive character of each Gospel. In the account of the cleansing of the Temple, common interpretations often emphasize the holiness of God’s house or the replacement of the Temple cult with Jesus himself as the new center of worship. While such readings are not entirely incorrect, they do not sufficiently take into account the distinctive narrative strategy of the Gospel of Mark. This article seeks to examine the theological meaning of the cleansing of the Temple in Mark 11:15–19 by reading it in structural and narrative connection with the cursing of the fig tree. Employing narrative analysis through the technique of intercalation (sandwich), this study argues that Mark is not primarily concerned with issues of worship alone, but deliberately frames the Temple incident as a symbolic act of judgment against the unfruitfulness of Israel. Moreover, this narrative structure also introduces an inclusive dimension, in which the critique of the Temple is closely related to Mark’s vision of an open space of worship for the nations. These findings demonstrate that the cleansing of the Temple in Mark functions as a declaration of theological judgment as well as a redefinition of the people of God, offering an important contribution to narrative readings of the Gospel of Mark and to contemporary ethical–theological reflection. Abstrak Memahami pesan teologis dalam Alkitab menuntut pembacaan yang cermat terhadap konteks naratif dan kekhasan masing-masing Injil. Dalam kisah penyucian Bait Allah, penafsiran yang umum sering kali menekankan tema kekudusan rumah Allah atau penggantian kultus Bait Allah dengan pribadi Yesus sebagai pusat penyembahan yang baru. Meskipun tidak sepenuhnya keliru, pendekatan tersebut belum secara memadai memperhatikan strategi naratif khas Injil Markus. Tulisan ini bertujuan menelaah makna teologis kisah penyucian Bait Allah dalam Markus 11:15–19 dengan menghubungkannya secara struktural dan naratif dengan peristiwa pengutukan pohon ara. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis naratif melalui teknik intercalation (sandwich), studi ini menunjukkan bahwa Markus tidak semata-mata menyoroti isu penyembahan, melainkan secara sengaja membingkai peristiwa tersebut sebagai tindakan simbolik penghukuman terhadap ketidakberbuahan Israel. Lebih jauh, struktur naratif ini juga membuka dimensi inklusif, di mana kritik terhadap Bait Allah berkaitan dengan visi Markus mengenai keterbukaan ruang ibadah bagi bangsa-bangsa lain. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa penyucian Bait Allah dalam Injil Markus berfungsi sebagai deklarasi penghakiman teologis sekaligus redefinisi umat Allah, yang memberi kontribusi penting bagi pembacaan naratif Injil Markus dan refleksi etis-teologis pembaca masa kini.
Copyright (c) 2026 Henky Purwanto, Lukas Widiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Megachurch dan Kualitas Relasi Jemaat dalam Ibadah Raya
The phenomenon of megachurches in urban contexts demonstrates rapid growth in congregation size and worship quality, yet raises critical questions regarding the depth of interpersonal relationships within large-scale worship services. This study aims to examine whether megachurch worship services foster authentic relational engagement or merely produce broad but superficial participation. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature-based method with thematic analysis of theological and empirical studies on megachurches, ecclesiology, and koinonia. The analytical framework is grounded in Timothy Keller’s understanding of the church as a relational community. The findings indicate that while large worship services effectively generate mass participation and collective identity, they do not inherently cultivate deep interpersonal relationships. Complex organizational structures and centralized worship patterns tend to limit relational interaction, with meaningful connections more likely to develop within smaller communities outside the main service. This reveals a tension between numerical growth and relational depth. This study contributes a theological evaluation of megachurch practices by proposing an integrative model that connects corporate worship with relational communities as the basis for authentic and sustainable koinonia. Abstrak Fenomena megachurch di wilayah urban menunjukkan pertumbuhan pesat dalam jumlah jemaat dan kualitas penyelenggaraan ibadah, namun sekaligus memunculkan pertanyaan tentang kedalaman relasi antarjemaat dalam ibadah raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah ibadah raya dalam megachurch membentuk relasi yang bermakna atau hanya menghasilkan keterlibatan yang luas tanpa kedalaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka melalui analisis tematik terhadap literatur teologi dan penelitian empiris terkait megachurch, eklesiologi, dan konsep koinonia. Kerangka analisis didasarkan pada pemikiran Timothy Keller mengenai gereja sebagai komunitas relasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibadah raya efektif membangun partisipasi massal dan identitas kolektif, tetapi tidak secara inheren menghasilkan relasi yang mendalam. Struktur gereja yang kompleks dan pola ibadah yang terpusat membatasi interaksi personal, sehingga relasi lebih berkembang dalam komunitas kecil di luar ibadah raya. Kondisi ini menunjukkan adanya ketegangan antara pertumbuhan numerik dan kualitas relasi jemaat. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi antara ibadah raya dan komunitas relasional menjadi kunci dalam membangun koinonia yang otentik dan berkelanjutan, sekaligus menawarkan kerangka evaluatif teologis bagi pengembangan praksis gereja kontemporer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Yobel, Selviawati, Romika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dari “Aku Lapar, Kamu Memberi Aku Makan”
The issue of unequal access to nutrition in Indonesia has a direct impact on the quality of children’s physical and cognitive development, thereby hindering the emergence of a healthy and intelligent golden generation. From a theological perspective, the fulfillment of food needs, as reflected in Matthew 25:35, serves as the moral foundation for collective intervention, including through the government’s free nutritious food program as a systematic effort to improve public welfare. This study aims to analyze the theological meaning of this text and apply it in the context of free nutritious food policies for the formation of a healthy and intelligent golden generation. The research method employed was a qualitative approach utilizing historical-grammatical exegesis and a public theology framework. The findings indicate that the act of feeding the hungry constitutes a theological mandate that is both universal and contextual. Free nutritious food programs can be understood as a form of diaconal praxis in modern public policy. Thus, the integration of theological values and state policy contributes significantly to shaping a healthy, intelligent, and sustainable golden generation, and the novelty of this research lies in the direct integration of biblical exegesis and national nutrition policy as a model of applied theology based on public policy. Abstrak Permasalahan ketimpangan akses gizi di Indonesia berdampak langsung pada kualitas perkembangan fisik dan kognitif anak, sehingga menghambat terwujudnya generasi emas yang sehat dan cerdas. Dalam perspektif teologis, pemenuhan kebutuhan makanan sebagaimana tercermin dalam Matius 25:35 menjadi dasar moral bagi intervensi kolektif, termasuk melalui program makanan bergizi gratis pemerintah sebagai upaya sistematis meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna teologis teks tersebut serta mengaplikasikannya dalam konteks kebijakan makanan bergizi gratis bagi pembentukan generasi emas yang sehat dan cerdas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis eksegesis historis-gramatikal serta pendekatan teologi publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan memberi makan orang lapar merupakan mandat teologis yang bersifat universal dan kontekstual. Program makanan bergizi gratis dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk praksis diakonia dalam kebijakan publik modern. Dengan demikian, integrasi antara nilai teologis dan kebijakan negara berkontribusi signifikan dalam membentuk generasi emas yang sehat, cerdas, dan berkelanjutan, dan kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi langsung antara eksegesis biblika dan kebijakan nutrisi nasional sebagai model teologi aplikatif berbasis kebijakan publik.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sanjay Mendra Jubil Kampus Nadeak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Teologis terhadap Relasi Manusia Dengan Allah dan Sesamanya dalam Konsep Imago Dei Karl Barth Kejadian 1:26-28
In the Christian tradition, the concept of imago Dei shows that humans are created in the image and likeness of God, and also humans have a relationship with God that reflects the divine relationship as well as the ontological relationship, in which God as the Creator has a higher position than His creation. humans as social creatures cannot fully reflect the image of God without interacting with each other. The relationship includes aspects of mutual respect and community that reflect the relational nature of divinity. this relationship is multidimensional, involving interrelated spiritual, social, and moral aspects. The human person stands and is centered in the Christian reality that God created in the image and likeness of God and in the essence of God, which has been repeatedly stated that He is the ally of Israel, or the ally of His people. According to the order of creation, man is at the peak of his creative work, whereas the scriptures also tell of the fulfillment and perfection of mankind. Therefore, the subjects of Christianity are God and His people. Christian faith is not only about God, but also about the people of God. God's people are not only the nation of Israel, but all of humanity. It turns out that the description of man can be said to be as old as the existence of man himself. Where does man come from, where does he go, and what is the secret of his life? Of coursem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tirsa Tudang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Jesus' death on the cross presents a paradox between God's eternal nature and the reality of a dying God, sparking intense debate in pluralistic societies. This study analyzes the relationship between Jesus' divinity and death from a soteriological perspective using systematic theology and historical-biblical analysis. The research demonstrates that the doctrines of communicatio idiomatum and Chalcedonian Christology resolve this paradox by maintaining the integrity of both natures in one Divine Person of Jesus. The findings reveal that Jesus' death in human nature constitutes the ultimate expression of God's saving love. Precisely because Jesus is God, His sacrifice is able to redeem all humanity, while His humanity enables this redemptive event to occur. These findings not only strengthen the theological foundation of redemption doctrine but also provide a relevant resolutive framework for contemporary dialectics about Christ's identity. The theological implications require the church to embody cruciform spirituality through practices of kenosis and solidarity with the suffering.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yustinus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Etika Penggunaan Media Sosial untuk Penginjilan
The development of digital technology has significantly transformed communication patterns and church ministry. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social media as an instrument of evangelism and to examine the ethical challenges emerging in the digital context. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through literature analysis, national statistical data, and theological reflection grounded in Christian ethics. The findings reveal that social media is effective in expanding the reach of evangelism, yet simultaneously generates moral issues such as disinformation, hate speech, privacy violations, and digital fatigue. The novelty of this research lies in developing a four–pillar ethical framework for digital evangelism, content transparency, digital literacy, pastoral digital care, and community accountability contextualized for the Indonesian church in the 21st century. This framework not only addresses the practical needs of ministry in digital spaces but also contributes theoretically to digital theology by emphasizing the integration of media effectiveness and moral responsibility in contemporary evangelism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fanli Feydi Pongoh, Gloria Gabriel Lumingas, Yonatan Alex Arifianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implikasi Teologi Praktis Jemaat Mula-Mula Yerusalem bagi Kehidupan GPdI Eben Haezer Antutan
This study discusses the life of the early church as recorded in Acts 2:42-47, which explains the practical theological standards for the church today, especially for the life of the GPdI Eben Haezer church in Antutan village. Referring to the early church in Jerusalem, we can see that the early church was full of faithfulness in teaching and deepening the word of God, close fellowship, and prayer as a way of life, as well as a very high and tangible level of social concern. This pattern of life not only reflects unity in a community centred on Christ, the head of the church, and illustrates the fullness of the Holy Spirit, but it also illustrates a balanced life between our relationship with God and our relationships with other human beings. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The conclusion of this study reveals that emulating the life of the early church in Jerusalem will strengthen the church today, especially the GpdI Eben Haezer congregation in Antutan village, to become a church community that is faithful to the word of God, filled with the power of the Holy Spirit, and become a practical guide in faith development, fellowship, and ministry amid economic challenges and globalisation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Frits Mokodaser, Reni Triposa, Esti Regina Boiliu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Detoksifikasi Digital dan Pemulihan Rohani
Advanced digital and communication technologies have brought about significant changes in the fields of education and spirituality. However, behind the ease of access to information and communication lies a serious issue: a mental health crisis among students who are addicted to digital devices. This has led to many of them feeling spiritually exhausted and even experiencing emotional burnout. Religious education, which has traditionally focused on cognitive aspects, is deemed insufficiently responsive to the spiritual needs of students. This study aims to reconstruct a Christian religious education approach grounded in theology to facilitate spiritual recovery through digital detoxification practices. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature review approach. It can be concluded that digital detoxification can be an effective spiritual tool in freeing students from the pressures of digital addiction. Therefore, understanding the digital era and the mental health crisis among students must be prioritised. Furthermore, the concepts of theology and spirituality of recovery in Christian education must be able to detoxify digital as a process of Christian spirituality. Thus, this can reconstruct and integrate the Christian religious education curriculum in spiritual recovery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yohana Fajar Rahayu, Elisa Nimbo Sumual https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penyembah-Penyembah Benar Menurut Yohanes 4:23
This scientific study aims to explore the meaning of true worship according to John 4:23 and its relation to knowing God. True worship must be grounded in the three essential aspects of the Christian faith: orthodoxy (right doctrine), orthopraxy (right practice), and ortholatry (right worship). The truth in this context is not philosophical or anthropocentric but Christocentric, with Scripture as its ultimate standard. God is both the foundation and the ultimate goal of all Christian reality. As the Creator, He sovereignly rules over all of life. He alone is worthy of worship and glorification. Scripture explicitly describes worshiping God as being conducted "in spirit and truth." Since God is Spirit, worship must be a spiritual communion with Him. Moreover, God has revealed Himself through His Word, which is now inscripturated in the Bible and must be understood through a biblical-theological framework. Using a qualitative research method with a literature study approach, this study seeks to explore the meaning of true worship in John 4:23 to obtain theologically sound and accountable findings. The author argues that the biblical concept of true worship in John 4:23 provides a theological foundation for the congregation to grow in knowing God through a life of genuine spiritual devotion. This study provides a fresh perspective, highlighting that the practice of authentic worship holds a vital role in the knowledge of God.
Copyright (c) 2025 Didit Yuliantono Adi, Endik Firmansah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Etika Dan Spiritualitas Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Era Digital
The digital era has brought great changes in various aspects of life, including in the world of education. Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers are required to not only master theological material, but also understand and integrate digital ethics and build a solid spirituality in the midst of cyber challenges. This article aims to examine the importance of ethics and spirituality in shaping the character of PAK teachers that are relevant to the needs of the times, as well as highlight the competencies that must be possessed in order to remain effective in educating the digital generation. Using the literature study method, this study examines theories about digital ethics, Christian spirituality, and educational principles based on the values of the Kingdom of God. The results of the study show that contemporary PAK teachers must be able to be role models in ethical behavior in virtual spaces, maintain integrity, respect digital rights, and live Christian values in every online activity. God's Word is the main basis for building ethical and spiritual sensitivity, as written in Romans 12:2 and Colossians 3:17. In addition, teachers are called to be light and salt in cyberspace, presenting a positive influence in the midst of information flows that are not always in accordance with Christian values. Through good digital competence, character strengthening, and deep spirituality, PAK teachers in the digital era are expected to shape students to become responsible, faithful, and integrity digital citizens. This research enriches the theoretical study of the role of Christian teachers in 21st century education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hendrik Legi, Gideon Wibiono, Antonius Wamo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This study aims to analyze the theological meaning of water baptism, the baptism of the Holy Spirit, and the baptism of fire, focusing on the understanding contained in the Gospel of Matthew 3:11. Through a hermeneutic approach, systematic theology, and contextual analysis, this study examines the relationship between the three types of baptism in the context of salvation and the journey of faith of believers. Matthew 3:11, which contains John the Baptist's statement about the baptism of water, the Holy Spirit, and fire, is the starting point in exploring the meaning of each baptism, both historically, culturally, and theologically. The results of the study show that water baptism leads to repentance and renewal of life, the baptism of the Holy Spirit strengthens faith and empowers believers, while the baptism of fire functions as a purification and test of faith. This study also found that the three baptisms complement each other in shaping the spiritual life of Christians, and have relevant applications in contemporary church life. This study offers novelty by analyzing the theological meaning of water baptism, the baptism of the Holy Spirit, and the baptism of fire in Matthew 3:11 through a hermeneutic and systematic theology approach. The study highlights the interconnection of these three baptisms as complementary elements in shaping the spiritual life of Christians, as well as their relevance in the context of contemporary churches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Faduhu o Ndruru, Sugiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This study aims to critically identify and analyze the role of Christian education in shaping and sustaining the spiritual discipline of Christian youth in the digital age. Amid the rapid development of technology, today’s adolescents live in an environment filled with instant access to information and virtual interactions, which may reshape their understanding and practice of faith. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature study approach, analyzing various academic sources and relevant studies. The findings indicate that digital technology, when managed wisely, can serve as an effective tool for faith education—through social media, spiritual apps, and interactive online learning. However, excessive reliance on technology without proper guidance may result in a weakened connection to faith communities and diminished depth in personal spirituality. Therefore, Christian education is challenged to design a balanced approach between the use of digital media and the strengthening of interpersonal relationships within the church community. The novelty of this research lies in its formulation of a digitally based pedagogical strategy that preserves the core of Christian spirituality, offering a relevant response to the spiritual formation needs of youth in an ever-evolving digital culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kezia Sindi Trisani, Esti Regina Boiliu, Reni Triposa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Eksplorasi Ontologis & Epistemologis 'Logos' dalam Yohanes 1:1 melalui Perspektif Filsafat Metafisik
This paper explores the concept of logos in John 1:1 ontologically and epistemologically through the perspective of metaphysical philosophy. The concept of logos metaphysically generally emphasizes a principle that governs the cosmos. Logos from an ontological perspective is the fundamental thing that supports human existence. Logos epistemologically is a framework that expresses knowledge. Logos in John 1:1 has a meaning and concept that goes beyond that. John synthesizes logos to emphasize Jesus Christ, not just an abstract concept. John's synthesis of logos brings the concept and meaning of logos to be evolved. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, the author tries to explore the ontological and epistemological logos through the perspective of metaphysical philosophy and see it in John 1:1. Metaphysical philosophy's exploration of the ontological and epistemological logos enriches the meaning of logos in John 1:1, but John evaluates the exploration in the person of Jesus Christ.
Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penerapan Cerita Alkitab Menggunakan Audiovisual untuk Meningkatkan Iman Anak
The study was conducted at Hermon Integrated Kindergarten. Initial observations showed the level of faith development of children aged 5-6 years at Hermon Integrated Kindergarten, namely: Children who do not yet believe in the Lord Jesus as Savior have diverse religious backgrounds. Children are afraid to mention the name of the Lord Jesus because parents often forbid and scold them if the name of Jesus is mentioned at home. To overcome this, a creative method is needed because children have different understandings, attitudes, and responses. The first research objective is to describe the application of Bible stories to increase the faith of children aged 5-6 years. Second, to analyze the effectiveness of the application of Bible stories using audiovisuals in increasing the faith of children aged 5-6 years. Third, to analyze the increase in the faith of children aged 5-6 years with the application of Bible stories using audiovisuals. The research subjects were seven children. The research method used was Classroom Action Research using two cycles with six meetings. Based on the results of the recapitulation, the value is that the seven children are in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of Bible stories using audiovisuals can be used in learning activities to increase children's faith. Through the application of audiovisual Bible stories, children learn the Word of God, learn the story of Jesus' life while on earth, believe in Jesus as Lord and Savior of Mankind, and increase the foundation of children's Christian faith.
Copyright (c) 2025 Antonius Jhonwilson Neno, Wahyudi Triwiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penyampaian Khotbah Melalui Media Live Streaming Sebagai Upaya Membangun Spiritualitas di Era Digital
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study aims to examine the use of live streaming sermons as an effort to build congregational spirituality. This study uses a literature study method to explore the urgency of sermons in strengthening the faith and spirituality of congregations, especially in the era of digital society. Through a review of various studies, this article presents two important aspects: first, the role of sermons in shaping a deeper understanding and practice of spirituality, and second, the church's response to changes in the social and technological context, including the phenomenon of live streaming sermons. The importance of sermons in guiding, inspiring, and deepening the faith of congregations is evident in various studies that highlight their positive effects in building spirituality, both in the millennial and Z generations and in Christians in general. Meanwhile, the church's adaptation to technological challenges has given rise to the phenomenon of live streaming sermons, which offer new flexibility and accessibility in worship, but also raise considerations related to personal interaction and the sustainability of the values ​​of the spiritual community. In this context, this article emphasizes that sermons remain a vital instrument in building Christian spirituality, while adaptation to changes in the times and technology is a challenge that must be overcome wisely. Thus, sermons are not only a means of conveying spiritual messages, but also an opportunity to deepen the worship experience and expand the reach of church services in this digital era.
Copyright (c) 2024 Menas Misahati Hondro, Etni Grace Andi Yusuf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digitalisasi dan Dampaknya Bagi Perkembangan Psikologi Remaja Kristen
Technology with all its developments has become an integral part of the lives of today's teenagers. The extensive use of technology, such as smart phones, social media, gaming, and other things related to digitalization, can have a significant impact on the psychological development of teenagers. In this situation, the church, family and Christian ministry institutions have a very important role to play, which is why a correct understanding of digitalization and all the impacts it has, both positive and negative, is needed. Uncontrolled use of technology can affect the mental health of Teenagers. This influence can take the form of watching negative content, deviant behaviors of bullying or body shaming, online gambling, and other shows that can have an impact on the psychology of Christian teenagers. This impact is what the author will examine in this paper. The author uses a descriptive method where the author will use journals and literature relevant to this writing. These literature sources are used as sources of information in order to analyze and describe the research in accordance with this journal. The author hopes that this research can provide information and contributions for churches, families, and Christian institutions to approach, assist and even handle teenage youth so that digitalization can have a spiritual and positive impact on Christian youth.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ricu Sele, Wahyu Wijiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Project-Based Learning in christian religious education is an innovative approach that is very effective in significantly improving student learning achievement. This method is used to encourage students to be actively involved in the learning process by using religious concepts with real projects in daily life. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the PBP model on students' understanding and skills in Christian Religious Education. Through the implementation of Project-Based Learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that the PBP strategy encourages students to be able to work together in groups and create relevant product results that are in accordance with Christian values, so that it can be said to be an effective alternative in Christian Religious Education which not only focuses on material understanding but also understanding in the formation of relevant holistic character and skills of students so that students become more interested. enthusiastic and enthusiastic in learning. The purpose of this study is to provide a deeper understanding and understanding of this Project-Based Learning method, the hope for teachers and educators to be able to design and design activities that are effective, fun and inspiring in supporting the development of students' spirituality in the context of Christianity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jepina, Yonatan Alex Arifianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Peranan Bimbingan Konseling Dalam Etis Teologis Untuk Menanggulangi Pergaulan Bebas Pada Remaja
This study describes the role of ethical, theologically based counseling in overcoming promiscuity among teenagers. Promiscuity, which is becoming a social phenomenon that is increasingly widespread in society, is influenced by various internal and external factors that have a negative impact on the physical, mental health and academic achievements of teenagers. Through a descriptive qualitative method approach, the researcher explains theoretically and practically about promiscuity with the role of guidance and counseling in overcoming promiscuity ethically and theologically using a literature study approach and by collecting existing data and facts that occur in the field related to information. in discussing the theme, based on appropriate and appropriate reading references which form the basis for explaining the role of counseling guidance in theological ethics to overcome promiscuity. This approach also involves collaboration between counselors, families, and religious institutions to create an environment conducive to the moral and spiritual development of adolescents. The results show that applying this approach can be a holistic solution in facing the challenges of promiscuity among the younger generation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kornelia Yessi Fibrianti, Yesa Cinta, Kristiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategi Pembelajaran Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Dalam Upaya Mengembangkan Kreativitas Anak
This study aims to analyse learning strategies through demonstration method in developing children's creativity. The demonstration method was chosen because of the ability of students to convey concepts visually and practically, making it easier for them to understand what the teacher has given. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method conducted in the classroom by involving various activities that encourage exploration and active participation in the classroom. The results showed that the application of this method significantly improved children's creativity, as seen from the increase in critical thinking, innovation, and self-expression. The findings indicate that the demonstration method can be an effective tool in the learning process to stimulate children's creativity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rana riendawati Mooy, Gloria Gabriel Lumingas, Reni Triposa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tantangan Teologis dalam Memahami dan Mengatasi Ajaran Sesat Kontemporer
In the era of globalization and digitalization, the massive amount of information and religious content challenges the church and Christianity. The understanding of truth distorted by heretics who teach heretical teachings in the contemporary era is increasingly complex, threatening the stability of society, the harmony of the Body of Christ, as well as the foundation of religious belief and individual spirituality. The purpose of this paper emphasizes that the church can maintain the unity and integrity of the Christian faith and protect its congregation from destructive and misleading influences. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach, it can be concluded that the theological challenge of Christianity in understanding and overcoming heretics who teach heresies in the contemporary era. In theological challenges in understanding and overcoming contemporary heresies as a review of spiritual reality and the role of the church. That is, the church and Christianity can analyze and understand the nature of contemporary heresy. Where heresy in a theological perspective on spiritual reality can have an impact on Christianity. so it is hoped that the role of the church in actualizing and the role of the church in overcoming heresy and providing in- depth education for church members.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yonathan Alex Arifianto, Richardo Nainggolan, Adi Sujaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0