Philoxenia: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani
type: channel
description: Scientia Temisien: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Journal title Philoxenia: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani DOI Prefix 10.59376 Frequency May & November Online ISSN 2985-5888 Editor-in-chief Dr. Alwen Bira Citation Analysis Google Scholar, Sinta, Garuda, etc. Publisher Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Kalvary Maluku Utara Philoxenia: Jurna Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani is published by the Kalvari Theological Seminary of North Maluku. We process and publish manuscripts related to Theology and Christian Education. The e-ISSN of Philoxenia is 2985-5888. Furthermore, the DOI prefix for the Philoxenia journal is 10.59376. Therefore, lecturers, researchers, and students who have manuscripts aligned with our focus and scope are welcome to submit by clicking here... The Philoxenia Journal is indexed in: Google Scholar Crossref Garuda Philoxenia has been accredited as a national scientific journal Indonesia ranked 3th (SINTA 3) by Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains dan Teknologi, Direktorak Jenderal Riset dan Pengembangan Philoxenia Journal has been indexed in:
publisher: Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Kalvary - Maluku Utara
language: en
publication name: Philoxenia: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani
issn: 2985-5888
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items: Dimensi Spiritualitas dalam Pola Asuh Anak
items: Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Dengan Metode Think-Pair-Share Terhadap Nilai-Nilai Spiritual Siswa Kristen Kelas Xii SMAN 1 Siantar Narumonda
items: Peranan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Menangkal Penyesatan Firman Tuhan di Gereja
items: Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PAK Pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP GKST 3 Tentena
items: Problematika Pendidikan Kristen dalam Implementasi Pembelajaran di Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat
items: Media Pembelajaran Berbasis E-Learning dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Era Digital
items: Karya Roh Kudus dalam Peristiwa Pentakosta dan Implikasinya terhadap Pertumbuhan Gereja Mula-Mula dan Karismatik Kontemporer
items: Logos dan Logika dalam Mempencerahkan Kecerdasan Emosional
items: Penguatan Kemampuan Literasi dan Numerasi di Tk Harjosari 01 Pendekatan Pembelajaran Projek
items: Teologi Misi, Pendidikan Perdamaian dan Keadilan Umat Beragama di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Alkitab dan Pengamalan Kristiani
items: Manajemen Konflik dalam Kepemimpinan Gereja
items: Transformasi Pikiran Roma 12:2
items: Kritik Teologis terhadap Murphy’s Law, Relevansi dan Batasannya dalam Doktrin Kedaulatan Allah
items: Rekonstruksi Pendidikan Agama Kristen Berbasis Pemuridan Eklesial
items: Kajian Kepemimpinan Demokratik Alkitabiah Dalam Relevansinya dengan Kepemimpinan Modern
items: Paradoks Kemuliaan dan Salib dalam Markus 10:45 terhadap Dinamika Kehidupan Spiritual Jemaat
items: Eklesiologi Digital dan Banalitas Spiritualitas dalam Kepemimpinan Kristen Pastoral
items: Penghukuman dan Inklusi dalam Markus 11:15–19
items: Megachurch dan Kualitas Relasi Jemaat dalam Ibadah Raya
items: Dari “Aku Lapar, Kamu Memberi Aku Makan”
items: Analisis Teologis terhadap Relasi Manusia Dengan Allah dan Sesamanya dalam Konsep Imago Dei Karl Barth Kejadian 1:26-28
items: Allah yang Mati
items: Etika Penggunaan Media Sosial untuk Penginjilan
items: Implikasi Teologi Praktis Jemaat Mula-Mula Yerusalem bagi Kehidupan GPdI Eben Haezer Antutan
items: Detoksifikasi Digital dan Pemulihan Rohani
items: Penyembah-Penyembah Benar Menurut Yohanes 4:23
items: Etika Dan Spiritualitas Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Era Digital
items: Makna Baptisan Air, Roh Kudus, dan Api
items: Remaja, Teknologi, dan Iman
items: Eksplorasi Ontologis & Epistemologis 'Logos' dalam Yohanes 1:1 melalui Perspektif Filsafat Metafisik

Dimensi Spiritualitas dalam Pola Asuh Anak
type: item
description: The crisis of spiritual role-modeling and the phenomenon of spiritual neglect in the modern era trigger a stagnation in children's spirituality, a condition exacerbated by the scarcity of integrative literature synthesizing developmental psychology and theology. This qualitative study utilizes a library research approach to construct a comprehensive child-rearing model through an integrative analysis of psychological perspectives and Biblical theology. The findings demonstrate that children’s spirituality evolves through cognitive, emotional, and relational consciousness maturity, which is reinforced by the theological mandate of the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:6–7. The synthesis of these two disciplines yields a spirituality-based parenting model built upon three core pillars: first, repositioning parents as spiritual mentors through an authoritative-egalitarian parenting style. Second optimizing the family as the epicenter of spiritual formation. And third, internalizing values that manifest in everyday praxis. This model offers a transformative solution for parents and church educators to guide children holistically amidst the disruptions of the digital age. Abstrak Krisis keteladanan rohani dan fenomena spiritual neglect di era modern memicu stagnasi spiritualitas anak, yang diperparah oleh keterbatasan literatur integratif antara psikologi perkembangan dan teologi. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan ini bertujuan untuk mengonstruksi model pengasuhan anak yang komprehensif melalui analisis integratif antara perspektif psikologi dan teologi Alkitabiah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa spiritualitas anak berkembang melalui kematangan kognitif, emosional, dan relational consciousness, yang diperkuat oleh mandat teologis Shema dalam Ulangan 6:6-7. Sintesis kedua disiplin ilmu ini menghasilkan model spirituality-based parenting dengan tiga pilar. Pertama, reposisi orang tua sebagai mentor spiritual melalui pola asuh otoritatif-egaliter. Kedua, optimal…
subject: Articles
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creator: Eunike Irene Alicia
creator: Kornelius Rulli Jonathans
creator: Haryadi Sarjono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eunike Irene Alicia, Kornelius Rulli Jonathans, Haryadi Sarjono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 154
ending page: 165
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v3i2.75

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Dengan Metode Think-Pair-Share Terhadap Nilai-Nilai Spiritual Siswa Kristen Kelas Xii SMAN 1 Siantar Narumonda
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of integrating the Student Team Achi-evement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model with the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) method on the practical spiritual values (honesty, responsibility, and disci-pline) of class XII Christian students at SMAN 1 Siantar Narumonda, Toba Re-gency. Amidst the moral crisis of Society 5.0, where traditional teacher-centered Christian Religious Education (PAK) fails to translate theology into ethics, this quantitative quasi-experimental study adopted a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. A sample of 80 students was divided equally into experimental (STAD+TPS) and control (conventional) groups. Data collected via validated 50-item Likert scales were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The statistical analysis showed that: (1) The STAD model (X1) significantly influences spiritual values (tcount 4.875 > ttable 1.683, p = 0.000); (2) The TPS method (X2) significantly in-fluences spiritual values (tcount 3.942 > ttable 1.683, p = 0.001); (3) Simultaneous-ly, STAD and TPS have a substantial and significant effect on students’ spiritual values (Fcount 34.620 > Ftable 3.25, p = 0.000). The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.633, indicating a 63.3% contribution to spiritual character development. The pedagogical implication suggests that combining structural external com-mitment (STAD) with internal cognitive reflection (TPS) facilitates transformative education, turning the classroom into a socio-spiritual laboratory where studen-ts actively live out their faith. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh inte-grasi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) dan metode Think-Pair-Share (TPS) terhadap nilai-nilai spiritual praktis (kejujuran, tanggung jawab, dan disiplin) siswa Kristen kelas XII di SMAN 1 Si-antar Narumonda, Kabupaten Toba. Di tengah disrupsi moral era Society 5.0, pola pembelajaran konvensional satu arah pada mata pelajaran Pe…
subject: Articles
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creator: Aristar Setiawan Sembiring
creator: Baginda Sitompul
creator: Hisardo Sitorus
creator: Nurliani Siregar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aristar Setiawan Sembiring, Baginda Sitompul, Hisardo Sitorus, Nurliani Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 106
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i1.67

Peranan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Menangkal Penyesatan Firman Tuhan di Gereja
type: item
description: The development of digital and postmodern culture presents a major challenge to the church through the emergence of various forms of misinterpretation of God’s Word that deviate from biblical teaching. Low biblical literacy, weak spiritual discernment, and the influence of instant digital teaching mean that congregants are easily swayed by unbiblical and manipulative doctrines. This study aims to analyse the role of Christian Religious Education in countering the misinterpretation of God’s Word in the modern church. It employs a descriptive qualitative method through a literature review approach, incorporating theological and pedagogical analysis of various academic texts. The findings indicate that Christian Religious Education is capable of strengthening biblical literacy, spiritual discernment, and the steadfastness of the Christian congregation’s faith. Further findings indicate that the strengthening of theological pedagogy and digital literacy helps congregations critically confront the influence of heretical teachings. Christian Religious Education plays a vital role in preserving the purity of church doctrine through systematic and contextual faith formation. The development of Bible-based learning and digital literacy strengthens the spiritual resilience of congregations in the face of postmodern culture. The Church needs to develop theological education strategies to ensure the congregation’s faith remains steadfast in the long term. Abstrak <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-no-proof: yes;">Perkembangan budaya digital dan postmodern menghadirkan tantangan besar bagi gereja…
subject: Articles
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creator: Sarah Wassar
creator: Zesika Natalia Wahyudi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Sarah Wassar, Zesika Natalia Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2023-05-29
publication date: 2023-05-29
starting page: 143
ending page: 157
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v1i2.64

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PAK Pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP GKST 3 Tentena
type: item
description: Christian Religious Education plays a vital role in shaping the character, spirituality and moral values of learners in the modern educational era. A learning process that remains teacher-centred results in low student participation and poor learning outcomes in terms of understanding Christian values. This situation highlights the need for an interactive cooperative learning model to optimally enhance learners’ engagement, understanding and learning outcomes. This study aims to analyse the application of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) cooperative learning model in improving student learning outcomes. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through literature review and field observation to analyse the implementation of the NHT learning model. The results indicate that the NHT model enhances student participation, cooperation, and understanding of Christian Religious Education material. Further results indicate a significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes, motivation, sense of responsibility, and critical thinking skills. The NHT learning model is capable of creating an active, collaborative learning environment focused on fostering students’ Christian character. The application of NHT also strengthens social interaction, individual responsibility, and students’ communication skills within the learning process. The NHT model is relevant for application in modern Christian Religious Education as it supports contextual, reflective, and transformative learning on an ongoing basis. Abstrak <span lang="DA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pendidikan Agama Kristen memiliki peran penting…
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creator: Ipan Morris Pangaribuan
creator: Robinhot Sirumapea
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ipan Morris Pangaribuan, Robinhot Sirumapea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-05-29
publication date: 2024-05-29
starting page: 98
ending page: 113
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v2i2.63

Problematika Pendidikan Kristen dalam Implementasi Pembelajaran di Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat
type: item
description: Christian education in learning at Community Learning Centres faces the challenges of integrating spiritual values, contextual pedagogy, and the influence of modern digital culture. Learning at Community Learning Centres remains focused on academic and practical skills, meaning that the development of Christian character has not yet been optimally achieved. This study aims to analyse the issues surrounding Christian education and to identify contextual learning strategies to meet the needs of contemporary society. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method through a literature review approach with interpretative analysis of various scholarly works on Christian education. The findings indicate that the implementation of Christian education in PKBMs requires a participatory and contextual pedagogical approach, as well as the strengthening of digital literacy. The study also found that collaboration between educational institutions, churches, families, and the community reinforces the development of learners’ spiritual character. Christian education in PKBM must be developed in an adaptive, inclusive, and transformative manner in line with the needs of a dynamic modern society. Strengthening teachers’ pedagogical competencies is a key factor in improving the quality of sustainable Christian character-based learning. Abstrak Pendidikan Kristen dalam pembelajaran di Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat menghadapi tantangan integrasi nilai spiritual, pedagogi kontekstual, serta pengaruh budaya digital modern. Pembelajaran PKBM masih berorientasi akademik dan keterampilan praktis sehingga pembentukan karakter Kristiani belum berjalan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis problematika Pendidikan Kristen serta menemukan strategi pembelajaran kontekstual bagi kebutuhan masyarakat modern kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan studi pustaka dengan analisis interpretatif terhadap berbagai literatur ilmiah Pendidikan …
subject: Articles
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creator: Sarah Wassar
creator: Tabita Margaretha Br. Siahaan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sarah Wassar, Tabita Margaretha Br. Siahaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
starting page: 83
ending page: 97
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v2i2.62

Media Pembelajaran Berbasis E-Learning dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Era Digital
type: item
description: Advances in digital technology are driving the transformation of Christian Religious Education towards a more flexible and interactive e-learning system. The implementation of e-learning still faces limitations in terms of teacher competence and digital infrastructure. These conditions highlight the need to strengthen digital pedagogy so that Christian Religious Education remains relevant, contextual and transformative in the modern era. This study aims to analyse the role of e-learning in enhancing students’ understanding of Christian Religious Education in the modern digital era. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review with interpretative analysis of various Christian Religious Education texts. The findings indicate that e-learning can enhance understanding of faith through interactive, flexible learning and creative digital media. Further findings indicate that strengthening teachers’ digital competencies is crucial to the effectiveness of transformative e-learning-based Christian Religious Education. Christian Religious Education e-learning needs to be developed through an interactive pedagogical approach. Furthermore, the development of digital platforms grounded in Christian values can create learning that is contextual, adaptive, and relevant to the modern digital generation. Abstrak <span lang="DA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Perkembangan teknologi digital mendorong transformasi pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen menuju sistem e-learning yang lebih fleksibel dan interaktif. Implementasi e-learning masih menghadapi keterbatasan kompetensi guru, infras…
subject: Articles
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creator: Raja Holong Simatupang
creator: Yeti Merianti Boimau
creator: Owen Petrus Gultom
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Raja Holong Simatupang, Yeti Merianti Boimau, Owen Petrus Gultom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-05-31
publication date: 2024-05-31
starting page: 68
ending page: 82
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v2i2.61

Karya Roh Kudus dalam Peristiwa Pentakosta dan Implikasinya terhadap Pertumbuhan Gereja Mula-Mula dan Karismatik Kontemporer
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description: This study examines the relationship between the Pentecost Event and the dynamics of church growth in both the early church and the contemporary Charismatic movement. Pentecost is a significant event in Christian history because it marks the birth of the early church and the beginning of church growth through the work of the Holy Spirit. The contemporary Charismatic movement continues to emphasize the role of the Holy Spirit through spiritual gifts, baptism of the Holy Spirit, and spiritual renewal. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data were collected from the Book of Acts, theological books, church history sources, and relevant scholarly journals. The findings show that the Holy Spirit played a central role in church growth through evangelism, fellowship, and the transformation of believers’ lives. The study concludes that the Pentecost Event remains theologically and practically relevant to the growth and development of the modern church. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara Peristiwa Pentakosta dan dinamika pertumbuhan gereja dalam konteks gereja mula-mula serta gerakan Karismatik kontemporer. Peristiwa Pentakosta merupakan peristiwa penting dalam sejarah kekristenan karena menandai lahirnya gereja mula-mula dan awal pertumbuhan gereja melalui karya Roh Kudus. Gerakan Karismatik kontemporer terus menekankan peran Roh Kudus melalui karunia rohani, baptisan Roh Kudus, dan pembaruan spiritual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Data diperoleh melalui analisis Kitab Kisah Para Rasul, buku teologi, sejarah gereja, dan jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Roh Kudus berperan sentral dalam pertumbuhan gereja melalui penginjilan, persekutuan, dan transformasi kehidupan jemaat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Peristiwa Pentakosta tetap memiliki relevansi teologis dan praktis bagi pertumbuhan serta perkembangan gereja modern.
subject: Articles
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creator: Noh Asbanu
creator: Lie Ja Hwe
creator: Yulianto Nugroho
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Noh Asbanu, Lie Ja Hwe, Yulianto Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 82
ending page: 92
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i1.58

Logos dan Logika dalam Mempencerahkan Kecerdasan Emosional
type: item
description: This study aims to analyse the theological role of Logos and the epistemological function of logic as a conceptual foundation for the formation of biblical and transformative emotional intelligence. Departing from previous research gaps that have not integrated Logos as the basis of rationality of faith with logic as a pedagogical instrument in the formation of spiritual affection, this study proposes a transformative circuit model between divine truth and critical reasoning processes. Logos is understood as the source of ontological norms and the substance of truth that enlightens the heart and renews the mind, while logic functions to organise, test, and correct cognitive distortions that trigger unhealthy emotions. Through the mechanisms of internalising the truth of the Word, logical evaluation, and the formation of spiritual habits, emotional intelligence is understood not as an autonomous psychological competence, but as the fruit of Christocentric and theonomic sanctification. This integration produces a reflective, stable character oriented towards the glory of God in personal life and in the community of faith. Abstrak <span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran teologis Logos dan fungsi epistemologis logika sebagai fondasi konseptual bagi pembentukan kecerdasan emosional yang alkitabiah dan transformatif.<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-…
subject: Articles
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creator: Yohanes Hadi Wibowo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yohanes Hadi Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 63
ending page: 81
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i1.57

Penguatan Kemampuan Literasi dan Numerasi di Tk Harjosari 01 Pendekatan Pembelajaran Projek
type: item
description: Early childhood literacy and numeracy skills serve as important foundations in supporting children’s learning readiness and cognitive development at the next level of education. However, learning activities at TK Harjosari 01 still tend to apply conventional methods, causing literacy and numeracy activities to be less optimally integrated into contextual play-based learning. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of literacy and numeracy skills through a project-based learning approach. The research employed a qualitative approach with data collection techniques consisting of observation, interviews, and documentation conducted naturally during the learning process. The findings revealed that project-based learning effectively improved early childhood literacy and numeracy skills through contextual activities involving direct learning experiences. This approach also contributed to increasing children’s self-confidence, social skills, and learning readiness. Abstrak Kemampuan literasi dan numerasi pada anak usia dini menjadi dasar penting dalam mendukung kesiapan belajar dan perkembangan berpikir anak pada jenjang pendidikan berikutnya. Namun, pembelajaran di TK Harjosari 01 masih cenderung menggunakan metode konvensional sehingga kegiatan literasi dan numerasi belum terintegrasi secara optimal dalam aktivitas bermain yang kontekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penguatan kemampuan literasi dan numerasi melalui pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis projek. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang dilakukan secara alami dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis projek efektif meningkatkan kemampuan literasi dan numerasi anak usia dini melalui kegiatan kontekstual yang melibatkan pengalaman belajar langsung. Pendekatan ini juga berdampak pada meningkatnya kepercayaan diri, keterampilan sosial, dan kesiapan belajar anak.
subject: Articles
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creator: Fusyarina Anjung Sari
creator: Wiwik Pudjaningsih
creator: Himmah Taulany
creator: Swantyka Ilham Prahesti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fusyarina Anjung Sari, Wiwik Pudjaningsih, Himmah Taulany, Swantyka Ilham Prahesti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 260
ending page: 274
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.42

Teologi Misi, Pendidikan Perdamaian dan Keadilan Umat Beragama di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Alkitab dan Pengamalan Kristiani
type: item
description: The life of Christians who are Indonesians in the reality of religious people is unique. For Christians, there is a social understanding of the importance of peace in public life contained in the Bible is no longer limited to religious books but also social life books that validate religious people to influence social structures. Understanding is born from social relations that are realized and then constructed because reading the Bible is the Word of God that is accepted, recognized and used in a religious society as something sacred and authoritative. The content is a life lesson that initiates various forms of social affirmative action. The theoretical concept that underlies this paper we build on Christian theaching. This is a descriptive qualitative research with a literature study by a critical reading of many cited literatures and digital ethnography. The goal is to build an academic framework that is useful as analitical instrument to conduct field research that can be used and continued to be developed by other academics. It was found that even the essence of peace, justice is difficult to realize, but the Bible can be a common value for humans. The novelty offered in this paper is that the theology, mission, and education of Shalom Christianity in a plural and multicultural religious community is based on the use of religious books as teachings for each individual and society, not only understood as a discourse on conflict justification, but also lived every day. Abstrak Hidup orang Kristen yang adalah orang Indonesia dalam kenyataan umat beragama ialah unik. Bagi Kristen ada keinsyafan sosial betapa pentingnya perdamaian dalam kehidupan publik yang termuat pada Alkitab bukan lagi sebatas kitab keagamaan namun juga kitab kehidupan sosial yang memvalidasi umat beragama untuk mempengaruhi struktur sosial. Keinsyafaran lahir dari relasi sosial yang tersadari lalu terbangun karena membaca Alkitab adalah Firman Allah yang diterima, diakui dan digunakan dalam su…
subject: Articles
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creator: Hesra Sembiring
creator: Elia Tambunan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hesra Oktavianus Sembiring, Elia Tambunan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 246
ending page: 259
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.54

Manajemen Konflik dalam Kepemimpinan Gereja
type: item
description: This study is motivated by the increasing phenomenon of social conflict occurring both within society and church life, which is often influenced by differences in interests, misunderstandings, weak communication, and a lack of ability to manage interpersonal relationships. Conflicts that are not handled wisely can lead to division, damage congregational harmony, and weaken the church’s witness in society. In such situations, church leadership is required to possess conflict management skills grounded in biblical values in order to foster reconciliation and maintain unity. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the phenomenon of social conflict occurring in society and the church, as well as to examine the role of church leadership in managing and resolving such conflicts. This research employs a literature study method by reviewing various sources, including books, scientific journals, and theological references related to conflict management and church leadership. The findings indicate that conflicts often arise due to differences in interests, ineffective communication, and a lack of mutual understanding among individuals. Therefore, church leaders play an important role in applying conflict management theories and biblical principles to create reconciliation, build healthy communication, and maintain congregational unity and social harmony. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya fenomena konflik sosial yang terjadi baik di tengah masyarakat maupun dalam kehidupan gereja, yang sering kali dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan kepentingan, kesalahpahaman, lemahnya komunikasi, serta rendahnya kemampuan dalam mengelola relasi antarindividu. Konflik yang tidak ditangani secara bijaksana dapat menimbulkan perpecahan, merusak keharmonisan jemaat, dan melemahkan kesaksian gereja di tengah masyarakat. Dalam situasi tersebut, kepemimpinan gereja dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan manajemen konflik yang berlandaskan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah agar mampu menghadirkan rekon…
subject: Articles
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creator: Risky Risky
creator: Herman Sjahthi
creator: Benediktus James Widya Darmaka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Risky, Herman Sjahthi, Benediktus James Widya Darmaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 115
ending page: 130
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.51

Transformasi Pikiran Roma 12:2
type: item
description: The advancement of the digital era has brought significant changes to the identity, interaction, and spirituality of Generation Z. As digital natives, they face external influences that risk shaping mindsets inconsistent with Christian values. This study examines Romans 12:2 as a theological foundation for mind transformation (metamorphousthe) to formulate relevant ministry strategies. The objective of the research is to analyze the concept of mind transformation in Romans 12:2 and examine its implications for contextual ministry strategies for Generation Z at GBI Bengkulu. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative through literature studies and exegetical-theological analysis of the Biblical text. Data were collected from theological literature, academic journals, and contextual observations of youth ministry practices in the local church.The results indicate that mind transformation in Romans 12:2 emphasizes continuous internal change centered on the will of God. In the context of Generation Z, effective ministry must move beyond programmatic approaches toward transformative ones that address digital, psychological, and spiritual aspects. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of theological study with a practical model encompassing three main pillars: spiritual transformation, digital engagement, and relational discipleship. This model provides a practical contribution for local churches in fostering a resilient and impactful faith for Generation Z in the digital. Abstrak Perkembangan era digital membawa perubahan signifikan terhadap identitas, interaksi, dan spiritualitas Generasi Z. Sebagai digital natives, mereka menghadapi pengaruh eksternal yang berisiko membentuk pola pikir yang tidak selaras dengan nilai Kristiani. Penelitian ini mengkaji Roma 12:2 sebagai landasan teologis mengenai transformasi pikiran (metamorphousthe) untuk merumuskan strategi pelayanan yang relevan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis konsep transformasi p…
subject: Articles
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creator: Rovina Damenta Br Sinulingga
creator: Carles Parluhutan Manullang
creator: Gressia Carolina Yosef Antonius
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Carles Parluhutan Manullang, Rovina Damenta Br Sinulingga, Gressia Carolina Yosef Antonius https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 231
ending page: 245
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.50

Kritik Teologis terhadap Murphy’s Law, Relevansi dan Batasannya dalam Doktrin Kedaulatan Allah
type: item
description: Murphy’s Law, often stated as “anything that can go wrong will go wrong,” is widely used to explain failure and uncertainty, including among Christians. This raises a key question: is it compatible with the doctrine of divine sovereignty? This study examines Murphy’s Law using a qualitative approach that integrates systematic theology, biblical analysis, and philosophical reflection, with focus on Job, Ecclesiastes, Romans 8:28, and Genesis 50:20. The study finds that Murphy’s Law reflects aspects of a fallen world, where failure and disorder occur. However, its value is only descriptive and limited. It is not theologically adequate and cannot function as a normative framework. If accepted uncritically, it may lead to fatalism and distort the understanding of suffering. In contrast, the doctrine of divine sovereignty affirms that God works in all events with purpose. Therefore, Murphy’s Law should be treated as an observation, not a theological principle. This study proposes a framework that places human experience within the doctrine of providence while critically engaging cultural assumptions. Abstrak Murphy’s Law, yang sering dirumuskan sebagai “segala sesuatu yang bisa salah akan salah,” banyak digunakan untuk menjelaskan kegagalan dan ketidakpastian, termasuk di kalangan Kristen. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan teologis tentang kesesuaiannya dengan doktrin kedaulatan Allah. Penelitian ini mengkaji legitimasi dan batas penerapan Murphy’s Law dalam teologi Kristen. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, melalui analisis teologi sistematis, studi Alkitab, dan refleksi filosofis. Teks yang dikaji meliputi Ayub, Pengkhotbah, Roma 8:28, dan Kejadian 50:20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Murphy’s Law mencerminkan sebagian realitas dunia yang telah jatuh, sehingga memiliki nilai deskriptif terbatas. Namun, secara teologis, prinsip ini tidak memadai dan tidak dapat menjadi kerangka normatif. Jika diterima tanpa kritik, ia dapat mendorong fatalisme dan merusak pemah…
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creator: Djoko Santoso
creator: Ilona Olvy Karamoy
creator: Thirsa Octavianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Djoko Santoso, Ilona Olvy Karamoy, Thirsa Octavianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 125
ending page: 135
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.49

Rekonstruksi Pendidikan Agama Kristen Berbasis Pemuridan Eklesial
type: item
description: The fragmentation of Christian Religious Education (PAK), which tends to be solely cognitively oriented, has created a gap between faith knowledge and the practical life of the congregation. This situation is exacerbated by changes in the social context, digitalization, and weakening communal relations, necessitating the reconstruction of a more holistic and integrative model of faith formation. This study aims to formulate a model of Christian Religious Education based on ecclesial discipleship rooted in the pedagogical structure of the Great Commission (Matthew 28:18–20). The method used is qualitative, with a constructive theological literature study approach through hermeneutic analysis and conceptual synthesis of biblical texts and theological literature. The results show that the Great Commission has a holistic pedagogical structure that integrates discipleship, baptism, and teaching as a continuous process of faith formation within the church community. The resulting ecclesial discipleship model is able to transform PAK from an instructional approach to a participatory, relational, and missionary faith formation process. The novelty of this research lies in the integrative synthesis of the pedagogical dimensions of the Great Commission, faith formation theory, and the concept of communities of practice within a single holistic and transformative conceptual model of PAK. Abstrak Fragmentasi Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) yang cenderung berorientasi pada aspek kognitif semata menyebabkan terjadinya kesenjangan antara pengetahuan iman dan praksis kehidupan jemaat. Kondisi ini diperparah oleh perubahan konteks sosial, digitalisasi, dan melemahnya relasi komunal, sehingga menuntut rekonstruksi model pembinaan iman yang lebih holistik dan integratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan model Pendidikan Agama Kristen berbasis pemuridan eklesial yang berakar pada struktur pedagogis Amanat Agung (Matius 28:18–20). Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendeka…
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creator: Bandar Panggabean Panggabean
creator: Edwin Goklas Silalahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bandar Panggabean, Edwin Goklas Silalahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 107
ending page: 124
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.43

Kajian Kepemimpinan Demokratik Alkitabiah Dalam Relevansinya dengan Kepemimpinan Modern
type: item
description: Leadership, both in practice and in academic study, remains a fascinating subject worthy of ongoing examination. This paper is a study based on the work previously conducted by L. Jibon Kumar Sharma and S. Keshojit Singh in India, specifically in the state of Manipur, concerning democratic leadership styles and how such styles influence leadership practices. This research aims to identify, from a biblical perspective, the democratic leadership style as a model suitable for application in corporate leadership, both within the church and in modern Christian and secular organisations, by Christian leaders. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, it can be concluded that this study demonstrates that the effectiveness of the democratic leadership style is greatly influenced by the leader’s ability to accommodate participation, openness, and shared decision-making within the context of modern leadership. The dynamics of democracy in practice reveal both challenges and opportunities in integrating democratic leadership values with the principles of biblical democratic leadership. Ultimately, the concept of modern theocratic democracy offers a relevant approach by combining spiritual values and democratic principles as the foundation for effective and integrity-driven leadership practice.<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Abstrak Kepemimpinan, dalam ranah praktika maupun studi selalu menarik untuk dipelajari dan terus dikaji. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian yang diangkat dari apa yang pernah dilakukan oleh L. Jibon Kumar Sharma dan S. Keshojit …
subject: Articles
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creator: Samuel Devianus Wijaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel Devianus Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 136
ending page: 149
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.45

Paradoks Kemuliaan dan Salib dalam Markus 10:45 terhadap Dinamika Kehidupan Spiritual Jemaat
type: item
description: This paper aims to examine the theology of the cross in Mark 10:45 in relation to the dynamics of the spiritual life of the congregation in order to provide a paradoxical perspective on glory and the cross. The theology of the cross is a theological perspective on the cross that elaborates on how God reveals himself through the suffering of the cross. The theology of the cross offers a critique of the paradigm of glory that has emerged in contemporary spirituality within the church. On the one hand, Mark 10:45 is a key text that elaborates on the identity of the Messiah in the context of sacrifice and the cross. This context is the path that Jesus took even though it contradicted the worldly understanding of glory and hope. Through qualitative literature research, the author will examine the theology of the cross in Mark 10:45 to elaborate a paradoxical understanding of glory and the cross that impacts the spiritual life of the congregation. The theology of the cross in Mark 10:45 provides a significant paradigm for shaping the life of the congregation to take part in the suffering of Christ. This paper offers an integrative reading of Mark 10:45 within the framework of the theology of the cross, which places the cross at the center of the formation of the congregation's spirituality. Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelaah theologia crucis Markus 10:45 terhadap dinamika kehidupan spiritual jemaat untuk memberikan perspektif paradoksial kemuliaan dan salib. Theologia crucis merupakan perspektif teologis salib yang mengelaborasi cara Allah memperkenalkan diri melalui penderitaan salib. Theologia crucis memberikan kritik bagi paradigma kemuliaan yang muncul dalam dunia spiritualitas kontemporer di dalam gereja. Spiritualitas gereja masa kini memasuki era kontemporer yang menjauh dari esensi salib. Spiritualitas era kontemporer masa kini membawa orang percaya hanya menghayati kemuliaan diri tanpa memandang salib. Di satu sisi, Markus 10:45 merupakan teks kunci yan…
subject: Articles
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creator: Rinto Njurumbatu
creator: Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho
creator: Loudy Benedictus Pranatha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rinto Njurumbatu, Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho, Loudy Benedictus Pranatha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 150
ending page: 165
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.44

Eklesiologi Digital dan Banalitas Spiritualitas dalam Kepemimpinan Kristen Pastoral
type: item
description: This study aims to analyse the dynamics of digital ecclesiology and the banality of spirituality in Christian pastoral leadership in an era of disruption, highlighting the impact of technological transformation on the depth of faith and contemporary church practices. The method employed is descriptive qualitative research through a literature review, examining various theological texts, academic journals, and relevant sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings indicate that the development of the digital space has driven the expansion of church ministry, yet simultaneously given rise to a tendency towards instant, consumerist, and superficial spirituality. Pastoral leadership faces a serious challenge in maintaining a balance between digital relevance and theological depth amidst the dominance of algorithmic logic. These findings underscore the need for a critical and integrative reconstruction of digital ecclesiology through a leadership approach rooted in the values of authentic spirituality. In this way, the church can preserve its theological identity whilst responding to change in an adaptive and transformative manner. Abstrak <span lang="DA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: DA; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika eklesiologi digital dan banalitas spiritualitas dalam kepemimpinan Kristen pastoral di era disrupsi, dengan menyoroti dampak transformasi teknologi terhadap kedalaman iman dan praktik gerejawi kontemporer. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi pustaka, dengan mengkaji berbagai literatur teologis, jurnal ilmiah, dan sumber rele…
subject: Articles
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creator: Elisa Nimbo Sumual
creator: Yohana Fajar Rahayu
creator: Yonatan Alex Arifianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elisa Nimbo Sumual, Yohana Fajar Rahayu, Yonatan Alex Arifianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 199
ending page: 214
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.41

Penghukuman dan Inklusi dalam Markus 11:15–19
type: item
description: Understanding the theological message of the Bible requires careful attention to narrative context and to the distinctive character of each Gospel. In the account of the cleansing of the Temple, common interpretations often emphasize the holiness of God’s house or the replacement of the Temple cult with Jesus himself as the new center of worship. While such readings are not entirely incorrect, they do not sufficiently take into account the distinctive narrative strategy of the Gospel of Mark. This article seeks to examine the theological meaning of the cleansing of the Temple in Mark 11:15–19 by reading it in structural and narrative connection with the cursing of the fig tree. Employing narrative analysis through the technique of intercalation (sandwich), this study argues that Mark is not primarily concerned with issues of worship alone, but deliberately frames the Temple incident as a symbolic act of judgment against the unfruitfulness of Israel. Moreover, this narrative structure also introduces an inclusive dimension, in which the critique of the Temple is closely related to Mark’s vision of an open space of worship for the nations. These findings demonstrate that the cleansing of the Temple in Mark functions as a declaration of theological judgment as well as a redefinition of the people of God, offering an important contribution to narrative readings of the Gospel of Mark and to contemporary ethical–theological reflection. Abstrak Memahami pesan teologis dalam Alkitab menuntut pembacaan yang cermat terhadap konteks naratif dan kekhasan masing-masing Injil. Dalam kisah penyucian Bait Allah, penafsiran yang umum sering kali menekankan tema kekudusan rumah Allah atau penggantian kultus Bait Allah dengan pribadi Yesus sebagai pusat penyembahan yang baru. Meskipun tidak sepenuhnya keliru, pendekatan tersebut belum secara memadai memperhatikan strategi naratif khas Injil Markus. Tulisan ini bertujuan menelaah makna teologis kisah penyucian Bait Allah dalam Markus 1…
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creator: Henky Purwanto
creator: Lukas Widiyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Henky Purwanto, Lukas Widiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 93
ending page: 106
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.40

Megachurch dan Kualitas Relasi Jemaat dalam Ibadah Raya
type: item
description: The phenomenon of megachurches in urban contexts demonstrates rapid growth in congregation size and worship quality, yet raises critical questions regarding the depth of interpersonal relationships within large-scale worship services. This study aims to examine whether megachurch worship services foster authentic relational engagement or merely produce broad but superficial participation. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature-based method with thematic analysis of theological and empirical studies on megachurches, ecclesiology, and koinonia. The analytical framework is grounded in Timothy Keller’s understanding of the church as a relational community. The findings indicate that while large worship services effectively generate mass participation and collective identity, they do not inherently cultivate deep interpersonal relationships. Complex organizational structures and centralized worship patterns tend to limit relational interaction, with meaningful connections more likely to develop within smaller communities outside the main service. This reveals a tension between numerical growth and relational depth. This study contributes a theological evaluation of megachurch practices by proposing an integrative model that connects corporate worship with relational communities as the basis for authentic and sustainable koinonia. Abstrak Fenomena megachurch di wilayah urban menunjukkan pertumbuhan pesat dalam jumlah jemaat dan kualitas penyelenggaraan ibadah, namun sekaligus memunculkan pertanyaan tentang kedalaman relasi antarjemaat dalam ibadah raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah ibadah raya dalam megachurch membentuk relasi yang bermakna atau hanya menghasilkan keterlibatan yang luas tanpa kedalaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka melalui analisis tematik terhadap literatur teologi dan penelitian empiris terkait megachurch, eklesiologi, dan konsep koinonia. Kerangka analisis did…
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creator: Christian Yobel
creator: Selviawati Selviawati
creator: Romika Romika
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Yobel, Selviawati, Romika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 166
ending page: 180
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.39

Dari “Aku Lapar, Kamu Memberi Aku Makan”
type: item
description: The issue of unequal access to nutrition in Indonesia has a direct impact on the quality of children’s physical and cognitive development, thereby hindering the emergence of a healthy and intelligent golden generation. From a theological perspective, the fulfillment of food needs, as reflected in Matthew 25:35, serves as the moral foundation for collective intervention, including through the government’s free nutritious food program as a systematic effort to improve public welfare. This study aims to analyze the theological meaning of this text and apply it in the context of free nutritious food policies for the formation of a healthy and intelligent golden generation. The research method employed was a qualitative approach utilizing historical-grammatical exegesis and a public theology framework. The findings indicate that the act of feeding the hungry constitutes a theological mandate that is both universal and contextual. Free nutritious food programs can be understood as a form of diaconal praxis in modern public policy. Thus, the integration of theological values and state policy contributes significantly to shaping a healthy, intelligent, and sustainable golden generation, and the novelty of this research lies in the direct integration of biblical exegesis and national nutrition policy as a model of applied theology based on public policy. Abstrak Permasalahan ketimpangan akses gizi di Indonesia berdampak langsung pada kualitas perkembangan fisik dan kognitif anak, sehingga menghambat terwujudnya generasi emas yang sehat dan cerdas. Dalam perspektif teologis, pemenuhan kebutuhan makanan sebagaimana tercermin dalam Matius 25:35 menjadi dasar moral bagi intervensi kolektif, termasuk melalui program makanan bergizi gratis pemerintah sebagai upaya sistematis meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna teologis teks tersebut serta mengaplikasikannya dalam konteks kebijakan makanan bergizi gratis bagi pembentukan generasi…
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creator: Sanjay Mendra Jubil Kampus Nadeak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sanjay Mendra Jubil Kampus Nadeak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 181
ending page: 198
doi: 10.59376/philoxenia.v4i2.38

Analisis Teologis terhadap Relasi Manusia Dengan Allah dan Sesamanya dalam Konsep Imago Dei Karl Barth Kejadian 1:26-28
type: item
description: In the Christian tradition, the concept of imago Dei shows that humans are created in the image and likeness of God, and also humans have a relationship with God that reflects the divine relationship as well as the ontological relationship, in which God as the Creator has a higher position than His creation. humans as social creatures cannot fully reflect the image of God without interacting with each other. The relationship includes aspects of mutual respect and community that reflect the relational nature of divinity. this relationship is multidimensional, involving interrelated spiritual, social, and moral aspects. The human person stands and is centered in the Christian reality that God created in the image and likeness of God and in the essence of God, which has been repeatedly stated that He is the ally of Israel, or the ally of His people. According to the order of creation, man is at the peak of his creative work, whereas the scriptures also tell of the fulfillment and perfection of mankind. Therefore, the subjects of Christianity are God and His people. Christian faith is not only about God, but also about the people of God. God's people are not only the nation of Israel, but all of humanity. It turns out that the description of man can be said to be as old as the existence of man himself. Where does man come from, where does he go, and what is the secret of his life? Of coursem.
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creator: Tirsa Tudang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tirsa Tudang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 53
ending page: 62
doi: 10.59386/mdn19c56

Allah yang Mati
type: item
description: Jesus' death on the cross presents a paradox between God's eternal nature and the reality of a dying God, sparking intense debate in pluralistic societies. This study analyzes the relationship between Jesus' divinity and death from a soteriological perspective using systematic theology and historical-biblical analysis. The research demonstrates that the doctrines of communicatio idiomatum and Chalcedonian Christology resolve this paradox by maintaining the integrity of both natures in one Divine Person of Jesus. The findings reveal that Jesus' death in human nature constitutes the ultimate expression of God's saving love. Precisely because Jesus is God, His sacrifice is able to redeem all humanity, while His humanity enables this redemptive event to occur. These findings not only strengthen the theological foundation of redemption doctrine but also provide a relevant resolutive framework for contemporary dialectics about Christ's identity. The theological implications require the church to embody cruciform spirituality through practices of kenosis and solidarity with the suffering.
subject: Articles
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creator: Yustinus Yustinus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yustinus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 37
ending page: 52
doi: 10.59386/zcn3sj08

Etika Penggunaan Media Sosial untuk Penginjilan
type: item
description: The development of digital technology has significantly transformed communication patterns and church ministry. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social media as an instrument of evangelism and to examine the ethical challenges emerging in the digital context. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through literature analysis, national statistical data, and theological reflection grounded in Christian ethics. The findings reveal that social media is effective in expanding the reach of evangelism, yet simultaneously generates moral issues such as disinformation, hate speech, privacy violations, and digital fatigue. The novelty of this research lies in developing a four–pillar ethical framework for digital evangelism, content transparency, digital literacy, pastoral digital care, and community accountability contextualized for the Indonesian church in the 21st century. This framework not only addresses the practical needs of ministry in digital spaces but also contributes theoretically to digital theology by emphasizing the integration of media effectiveness and moral responsibility in contemporary evangelism.
subject: Articles
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creator: Fanli Feydi Pongoh
creator: Gloria Gabriel Lumingas
creator: Yonatan Alex Arifianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fanli Feydi Pongoh, Gloria Gabriel Lumingas, Yonatan Alex Arifianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 23
ending page: 36
doi: 10.59386/7be5sm47

Implikasi Teologi Praktis Jemaat Mula-Mula Yerusalem bagi Kehidupan GPdI Eben Haezer Antutan
type: item
description: This study discusses the life of the early church as recorded in Acts 2:42-47, which explains the practical theological standards for the church today, especially for the life of the GPdI Eben Haezer church in Antutan village. Referring to the early church in Jerusalem, we can see that the early church was full of faithfulness in teaching and deepening the word of God, close fellowship, and prayer as a way of life, as well as a very high and tangible level of social concern. This pattern of life not only reflects unity in a community centred on Christ, the head of the church, and illustrates the fullness of the Holy Spirit, but it also illustrates a balanced life between our relationship with God and our relationships with other human beings. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The conclusion of this study reveals that emulating the life of the early church in Jerusalem will strengthen the church today, especially the GpdI Eben Haezer congregation in Antutan village, to become a church community that is faithful to the word of God, filled with the power of the Holy Spirit, and become a practical guide in faith development, fellowship, and ministry amid economic challenges and globalisation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Frits Mokodaser
creator: Reni Triposa
creator: Esti Regina Boiliu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Frits Mokodaser, Reni Triposa, Esti Regina Boiliu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 12
ending page: 22
doi: 10.59386/nmpv0946

Detoksifikasi Digital dan Pemulihan Rohani
type: item
description: Advanced digital and communication technologies have brought about significant changes in the fields of education and spirituality. However, behind the ease of access to information and communication lies a serious issue: a mental health crisis among students who are addicted to digital devices. This has led to many of them feeling spiritually exhausted and even experiencing emotional burnout. Religious education, which has traditionally focused on cognitive aspects, is deemed insufficiently responsive to the spiritual needs of students. This study aims to reconstruct a Christian religious education approach grounded in theology to facilitate spiritual recovery through digital detoxification practices. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature review approach. It can be concluded that digital detoxification can be an effective spiritual tool in freeing students from the pressures of digital addiction. Therefore, understanding the digital era and the mental health crisis among students must be prioritised. Furthermore, the concepts of theology and spirituality of recovery in Christian education must be able to detoxify digital as a process of Christian spirituality. Thus, this can reconstruct and integrate the Christian religious education curriculum in spiritual recovery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Yohana Fajar Rahayu
creator: Elisa Nimbo Sumual
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yohana Fajar Rahayu, Elisa Nimbo Sumual https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.59386/5bet7w83

Penyembah-Penyembah Benar Menurut Yohanes 4:23
type: item
description: This scientific study aims to explore the meaning of true worship according to John 4:23 and its relation to knowing God. True worship must be grounded in the three essential aspects of the Christian faith: orthodoxy (right doctrine), orthopraxy (right practice), and ortholatry (right worship). The truth in this context is not philosophical or anthropocentric but Christocentric, with Scripture as its ultimate standard. God is both the foundation and the ultimate goal of all Christian reality. As the Creator, He sovereignly rules over all of life. He alone is worthy of worship and glorification. Scripture explicitly describes worshiping God as being conducted "in spirit and truth." Since God is Spirit, worship must be a spiritual communion with Him. Moreover, God has revealed Himself through His Word, which is now inscripturated in the Bible and must be understood through a biblical-theological framework. Using a qualitative research method with a literature study approach, this study seeks to explore the meaning of true worship in John 4:23 to obtain theologically sound and accountable findings. The author argues that the biblical concept of true worship in John 4:23 provides a theological foundation for the congregation to grow in knowing God through a life of genuine spiritual devotion. This study provides a fresh perspective, highlighting that the practice of authentic worship holds a vital role in the knowledge of God.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Didit Yuliantono Adi
creator: Endik Firmansah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Didit Yuliantono Adi, Endik Firmansah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 144
ending page: 153
doi: 10.59386/wny80891

Etika Dan Spiritualitas Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Era Digital
type: item
description: The digital era has brought great changes in various aspects of life, including in the world of education. Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers are required to not only master theological material, but also understand and integrate digital ethics and build a solid spirituality in the midst of cyber challenges. This article aims to examine the importance of ethics and spirituality in shaping the character of PAK teachers that are relevant to the needs of the times, as well as highlight the competencies that must be possessed in order to remain effective in educating the digital generation. Using the literature study method, this study examines theories about digital ethics, Christian spirituality, and educational principles based on the values of the Kingdom of God. The results of the study show that contemporary PAK teachers must be able to be role models in ethical behavior in virtual spaces, maintain integrity, respect digital rights, and live Christian values in every online activity. God's Word is the main basis for building ethical and spiritual sensitivity, as written in Romans 12:2 and Colossians 3:17. In addition, teachers are called to be light and salt in cyberspace, presenting a positive influence in the midst of information flows that are not always in accordance with Christian values. Through good digital competence, character strengthening, and deep spirituality, PAK teachers in the digital era are expected to shape students to become responsible, faithful, and integrity digital citizens. This research enriches the theoretical study of the role of Christian teachers in 21st century education.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Hendrik Legi
creator: Gideon Wibiono
creator: Antonius Wamo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hendrik Legi, Gideon Wibiono, Antonius Wamo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 128
ending page: 143
doi: 10.59386/15480s23

Makna Baptisan Air, Roh Kudus, dan Api
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the theological meaning of water baptism, the baptism of the Holy Spirit, and the baptism of fire, focusing on the understanding contained in the Gospel of Matthew 3:11. Through a hermeneutic approach, systematic theology, and contextual analysis, this study examines the relationship between the three types of baptism in the context of salvation and the journey of faith of believers. Matthew 3:11, which contains John the Baptist's statement about the baptism of water, the Holy Spirit, and fire, is the starting point in exploring the meaning of each baptism, both historically, culturally, and theologically. The results of the study show that water baptism leads to repentance and renewal of life, the baptism of the Holy Spirit strengthens faith and empowers believers, while the baptism of fire functions as a purification and test of faith. This study also found that the three baptisms complement each other in shaping the spiritual life of Christians, and have relevant applications in contemporary church life. This study offers novelty by analyzing the theological meaning of water baptism, the baptism of the Holy Spirit, and the baptism of fire in Matthew 3:11 through a hermeneutic and systematic theology approach. The study highlights the interconnection of these three baptisms as complementary elements in shaping the spiritual life of Christians, as well as their relevance in the context of contemporary churches.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Faduhu O Ndruru
creator: Sugiono Sugiono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faduhu o Ndruru, Sugiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 111
ending page: 127
doi: 10.59386/3jwg0n07

Remaja, Teknologi, dan Iman
type: item
description: This study aims to critically identify and analyze the role of Christian education in shaping and sustaining the spiritual discipline of Christian youth in the digital age. Amid the rapid development of technology, today’s adolescents live in an environment filled with instant access to information and virtual interactions, which may reshape their understanding and practice of faith. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature study approach, analyzing various academic sources and relevant studies. The findings indicate that digital technology, when managed wisely, can serve as an effective tool for faith education—through social media, spiritual apps, and interactive online learning. However, excessive reliance on technology without proper guidance may result in a weakened connection to faith communities and diminished depth in personal spirituality. Therefore, Christian education is challenged to design a balanced approach between the use of digital media and the strengthening of interpersonal relationships within the church community. The novelty of this research lies in its formulation of a digitally based pedagogical strategy that preserves the core of Christian spirituality, offering a relevant response to the spiritual formation needs of youth in an ever-evolving digital culture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Kezia Sindi Trisani
creator: Esti Regina Boiliu
creator: Reni Triposa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kezia Sindi Trisani, Esti Regina Boiliu, Reni Triposa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 95
ending page: 110
doi: 10.59386/m9ejrt73

Eksplorasi Ontologis & Epistemologis 'Logos' dalam Yohanes 1:1 melalui Perspektif Filsafat Metafisik
type: item
description: This paper explores the concept of logos in John 1:1 ontologically and epistemologically through the perspective of metaphysical philosophy. The concept of logos metaphysically generally emphasizes a principle that governs the cosmos. Logos from an ontological perspective is the fundamental thing that supports human existence. Logos epistemologically is a framework that expresses knowledge. Logos in John 1:1 has a meaning and concept that goes beyond that. John synthesizes logos to emphasize Jesus Christ, not just an abstract concept. John's synthesis of logos brings the concept and meaning of logos to be evolved. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, the author tries to explore the ontological and epistemological logos through the perspective of metaphysical philosophy and see it in John 1:1. Metaphysical philosophy's exploration of the ontological and epistemological logos enriches the meaning of logos in John 1:1, but John evaluates the exploration in the person of Jesus Christ.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 78
ending page: 94
doi: 10.59386/cm8b3s37